| 1.0 |
INTRODUCTION |
| 2.0 |
OVER-RIDING CONCEPTS |
| 2.1 |
Thinking Systems |
| 2.2 |
Scientific Method to Mathematical Models |
| 2.3 |
Models to Scenarios |
| 2.4 |
Graphing, Mapping and Analysis Techniques |
| 3.0 |
GENERAL CONCEPTS |
| 3.1 |
Earth Systems |
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a. Earth Systems and Dynamics |
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b. Global Ecosystems |
| 3.1.1 |
Understanding Climate |
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a. The Components of the Earth System |
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b. Interactions among Components (Cycles-Hydrological, ENSO, NAO) |
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c. Weather vs. Climate |
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d. Natural Variability of Climate (Ice Ages, Warm Period, Extremes) |
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e. The Natural Greenhouse Effect |
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f. Climate System Feedback |
| 3.2 |
Understanding the factors that Influence Climate |
| 3.2.1 |
The Sun and the global energy balance |
|
a. Tilt of Earth |
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b. Latitude |
| 3.2.2 |
Astronomical |
| 3.2.3 |
Weather Patterns |
| 3.2.4 |
Topography |
| 3.2.5 |
Proximity to Water Bodies |
| 3.2.6 |
Surface Properties of the Earth |
| 3.3 |
Understanding Climate Change |
| 3.3.1 |
Natural Causes |
| 3.3.2 |
Anthropogenic (Human – Induced) |
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a. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect |
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b. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion |
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c. Land Use Change |
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d. Aerosols and Air Pollution |
| 4.0 |
THE PAST |
| 4.1 |
Scientific Evidence – Paleo-Proxy Indicators |
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a. Paleoclimate and Indicators |
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b. Paleo-proxy Data and Trends in Carbon Dioxide |
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c. Paleo-proxy Data and Trends in other Greenhouse Gases |
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d. Paleo-proxy Data and Trends in Temperature |
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e. Proxy Data from Pollen Cores |
| 4.2 |
IMPACTS |
| 4.2.1 |
Impacts on Lithosphere (Land) |
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a. Glacial Periods and Glaciers |
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b. Niagara Escarpment Glaciation |
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c. Retreat of Pleistocene Glaciers from North America |
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d. Crawford Lake: A Partially Developed Plunge Pool |
| 4.2.2 |
Impacts on Hydrosphere (Water) |
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a. Sea Levels |
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b. Ocean Temperatures Surface and Abyssal |
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c. Great Lake Levels and Altered Stream Drainage Patterns |
| 4.2.3 |
Impacts on Biosphere (Lifeforms) |
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a. Extinctions |
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b. Flora and Fauna |
| 5.0 |
THE PRESENT/RECENT PAST |
| 5.1 |
Global |
| 5.1.1 |
Scientific Evidence – Observing Climate Change |
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a. Recent Trends in Carbon Dioxide |
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b. Recent Trends in other Greenhouse Gases |
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c. Recent Trends in Temperature/Precipitation |
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d. Recent Trends in Extreme Weather |
| 5.1.2 |
Impacts |
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a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
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b. Ecosystems |
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c. Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems |
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d. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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e. Insurance and Other Financial Services |
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f. Human Health |
| 5.2 |
Ontario – Great Lakes Region |
| 5.2.1 |
Scientific Evidence |
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a. Recent Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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b. Recent Trends in Temperature/Precipitation |
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c. Recent Trends in Extreme Weather |
| 5.2.2 |
Impacts |
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a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
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b. Ecosystems |
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c. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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d. Insurance and Other Financial Services |
|
e. Human Health |
| 6.0 |
THE FUTURE |
| 6.1 |
Global |
| 6.1.1 |
Scientific Projections |
|
a. Projections for Carbon Dioxide |
|
|
|
b. Projections for Temperature/Precipitation |
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c. Projections for Extreme Weather |
| 6.1.2 |
Impacts |
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a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
|
b. Ecosystems |
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c. Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems |
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d. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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e. Insurance and other Financial Services |
|
f. Human Health |
| 6.2 |
Ontario – Great Lakes Region |
| 6.2.1 |
Scientific Projections |
|
a. Projections for Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
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b. Projections for Temperature/Precipitation |
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c. Projections for Extreme Weather |
| 6.2.2 |
Impacts |
|
a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
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b. Ecosystems |
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c. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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d. Insurance and other Financial Services |
|
e. Human Health |
| 7.0 |
MEETING THE CHALLENGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION |
| 7.1 |
Global |
| 7.1.1 |
Adaptation – Vulnerability Reduction Strategies |
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a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
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b. Ecosystems |
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c. Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems |
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d. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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e. Insurance and other Financial Services |
|
f. Human Health |
| 7.1.2 |
Mitigation – Emission Reduction Strategies |
| 7.1.2.1 |
Government/Policy |
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a. Montreal Protocol |
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b. UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) |
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c. Kyoto Protocol |
| 7.1.2.2 |
By Sector |
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a. Buildings Sector |
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b. Transport Sector |
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c. Industry Sector |
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d. Agricultural Sector |
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e. Waste Management Sector |
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f. Energy Supply Sector |
| 7.2 |
Ontario – Great Lakes Region |
| 7.2.1 |
Adaptation – Vulnerability Reduction Strategies |
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a. Hydrology and Water Resources |
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b. Ecosystems |
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c. Human Settlements, Energy, and Industry |
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d. Insurance and other Financial Services |
|
e. Human Health |
| 7.2.2 |
Mitigation – Emission Reduction Strategies |
| 7.2.2.1 |
Government/Policy |
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a. Montreal Protocol Commitments |
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b. UNFCCC Commitments |
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c. Kyoto Commitments |
| 7.2.2.2 |
By sector |
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a. Buildings Sector |
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b. Transport Sector |
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c. Industry Sector |
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d. Agricultural Sector |
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e. Waste Management Sector |
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f. Energy Supply Sector |
|
g. Forestry Sector |
| 7.3 |
Ontario Case Studies/Success Stories |
| 7.3.1 |
Individuals, Families |
| 7.3.2 |
School Boards/Schools |
| 7.3.3 |
Business and Industry/Industrial Ecology |
| 7.3.4 |
Organizations/Community |
| 7.3.5 |
Colleges/Universities |
| 7.3.6 |
Regions/Watershed/Local Protection |
| 7.3.7 |
Cities/Towns |
| 7.3.8 |
Provincial Programs |
| 7.3.9 |
Federal/National Programs |
| 7.3.10 |
International Agreements |
| 7.4 |
Spheres of Empowerment – The Many Contexts in which we can Make a Difference |
| 7.4.1 |
Individuals, Family, Household |
| 7.4.2 |
School Boards/ Schools |
| 7.4.3 |
Business and Industry/Industrial Ecology |
| 7.4.4 |
Organizations/Communities |
| 7.4.5 |
Colleges /Universities |
| 7.4.6 |
Regions/Watershed/Local Protection |
| 7.4.7 |
Cities/Towns |
| 7.4.8 |
Provincial Programs |
| 7.4.9 |
Federal/National Programs |
| 7.4.10 |
International |
| 7.5 |
Resources, Web Sites and Projects |
|
g. Forestry Sector |
|
g. Forestry Sector |
|
g. Forestry Sector |
